PHP 异常处理

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Error handling and logging ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; This directive informs PHP of which errors, warnings and notices you would like
; it to take action for. The recommended way of setting values for this
; directive is through the use of the error level constants and bitwise
; operators. The error level constants are below here for convenience as well as
; some common settings and their meanings.
; By default, PHP is set to take action on all errors, notices and warnings EXCEPT
; those related to E_NOTICE and E_STRICT, which together cover best practices and
; recommended coding standards in PHP. For performance reasons, this is the
; recommend error reporting setting. Your production server shouldn't be wasting
; resources complaining about best practices and coding standards. That's what
; development servers and development settings are for.
; Note: The php.ini-development file has this setting as E_ALL. This
; means it pretty much reports everything which is exactly what you want during
; development and early testing.
;
; Error Level Constants:
; E_ALL             - All errors and warnings (includes E_STRICT as of PHP 5.4.0)
; E_ERROR           - fatal run-time errors
; E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR  - almost fatal run-time errors
; E_WARNING         - run-time warnings (non-fatal errors)
; E_PARSE           - compile-time parse errors
; E_NOTICE          - run-time notices (these are warnings which often result
;                     from a bug in your code, but it's possible that it was
;                     intentional (e.g., using an uninitialized variable and
;                     relying on the fact it is automatically initialized to an
;                     empty string)
; E_STRICT          - run-time notices, enable to have PHP suggest changes
;                     to your code which will ensure the best interoperability
;                     and forward compatibility of your code
; E_CORE_ERROR      - fatal errors that occur during PHP's initial startup
; E_CORE_WARNING    - warnings (non-fatal errors) that occur during PHP's
;                     initial startup
; E_COMPILE_ERROR   - fatal compile-time errors
; E_COMPILE_WARNING - compile-time warnings (non-fatal errors)
; E_USER_ERROR      - user-generated error message
; E_USER_WARNING    - user-generated warning message
; E_USER_NOTICE     - user-generated notice message
; E_DEPRECATED      - warn about code that will not work in future versions
;                     of PHP
; E_USER_DEPRECATED - user-generated deprecation warnings
;
; Common Values:
;   E_ALL (Show all errors, warnings and notices including coding standards.)
;   E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE  (Show all errors, except for notices)
;   E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT  (Show all errors, except for notices and coding standards warnings.)
;   E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR  (Show only errors)
; Default Value: E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_DEPRECATED
; Development Value: E_ALL
; Production Value: E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT
; http://php.net/error-reporting
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE

; This directive controls whether or not and where PHP will output errors,
; notices and warnings too. Error output is very useful during development, but
; it could be very dangerous in production environments. Depending on the code
; which is triggering the error, sensitive information could potentially leak
; out of your application such as database usernames and passwords or worse.
; For production environments, we recommend logging errors rather than
; sending them to STDOUT.
; Possible Values:
;   Off = Do not display any errors
;   stderr = Display errors to STDERR (affects only CGI/CLI binaries!)
;   On or stdout = Display errors to STDOUT
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/display-errors
display_errors = On

; The display of errors which occur during PHP's startup sequence are handled
; separately from display_errors. PHP's default behavior is to suppress those
; errors from clients. Turning the display of startup errors on can be useful in
; debugging configuration problems. We strongly recommend you
; set this to 'off' for production servers.
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/display-startup-errors
display_startup_errors = Off

; Besides displaying errors, PHP can also log errors to locations such as a
; server-specific log, STDERR, or a location specified by the error_log
; directive found below. While errors should not be displayed on productions
; servers they should still be monitored and logging is a great way to do that.
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: On
; http://php.net/log-errors
log_errors = On

; Set maximum length of log_errors. In error_log information about the source is
; added. The default is 1024 and 0 allows to not apply any maximum length at all.
; http://php.net/log-errors-max-len
log_errors_max_len = 1024

; Do not log repeated messages. Repeated errors must occur in same file on same
; line unless ignore_repeated_source is set true.
; http://php.net/ignore-repeated-errors
ignore_repeated_errors = Off

; Ignore source of message when ignoring repeated messages. When this setting
; is On you will not log errors with repeated messages from different files or
; source lines.
; http://php.net/ignore-repeated-source
ignore_repeated_source = Off

; If this parameter is set to Off, then memory leaks will not be shown (on
; stdout or in the log). This has only effect in a debug compile, and if
; error reporting includes E_WARNING in the allowed list
; http://php.net/report-memleaks
report_memleaks = On

; This setting is on by default.
;report_zend_debug = 0

; Store the last error/warning message in $php_errormsg (boolean). Setting this value
; to On can assist in debugging and is appropriate for development servers. It should
; however be disabled on production servers.
; This directive is DEPRECATED.
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/track-errors
;track_errors = Off

; Turn off normal error reporting and emit XML-RPC error XML
; http://php.net/xmlrpc-errors
;xmlrpc_errors = 0

; An XML-RPC faultCode
;xmlrpc_error_number = 0

; When PHP displays or logs an error, it has the capability of formatting the
; error message as HTML for easier reading. This directive controls whether
; the error message is formatted as HTML or not.
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to Off for the CLI SAPI
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production value: On
; http://php.net/html-errors
html_errors = On

; If html_errors is set to On *and* docref_root is not empty, then PHP
; produces clickable error messages that direct to a page describing the error
; or function causing the error in detail.
; You can download a copy of the PHP manual from http://php.net/docs
; and change docref_root to the base URL of your local copy including the
; leading '/'. You must also specify the file extension being used including
; the dot. PHP's default behavior is to leave these settings empty, in which
; case no links to documentation are generated.
; Note: Never use this feature for production boxes.
; http://php.net/docref-root
; Examples
;docref_root = "/phpmanual/"

; http://php.net/docref-ext
;docref_ext = .html

; String to output before an error message. PHP's default behavior is to leave
; this setting blank.
; http://php.net/error-prepend-string
; Example:
;error_prepend_string = "<span style='color: #ff0000'>"

; String to output after an error message. PHP's default behavior is to leave
; this setting blank.
; http://php.net/error-append-string
; Example:
;error_append_string = "</span>"

; Log errors to specified file. PHP's default behavior is to leave this value
; empty.
; http://php.net/error-log
; Example:
error_log = /tmp/php_errors.log
; Log errors to syslog (Event Log on Windows).
;error_log = syslog

;windows.show_crt_warning
; Default value: 0
; Development value: 0
; Production value: 0

error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE
//错误显示级别
display_errors = On
//错误显示开关
display_startup_errors = Off
//启动php显示错误，这个在开发环境是开启，生产关闭。
log_errors = On
//错误日志记录开关
log_errors_max_len = 1024
//不记录重复的信息。重复的错误必须出现在同一个文件中的同一行代码上，除非 ignore_repeated_source 设置为true。
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
//忽略重复消息时，也忽略消息的来源。当该设置开启时，重复信息将不会记录它是由不同的文件还是不同的源代码行产生的。
ignore_repeated_source = Off
忽略重复消息时，也忽略消息的来源。当该设置开启时，重复信息将不会记录它是由不同的文件还是不同的源代码行产生的。
report_memleaks = On
如果这个参数设置为Off，则内存泄露信息不会显示 (在 stdout 或者日志中)。
html_errors = On
在错误信息中关闭HTML标签。这种新的HTML格式的错误信息是可以点击，它引导用户前往描述该错误或者导致该错误发生的函数的参考信息页面。 
error_log = /tmp/php_errors.log
设置脚本错误将被记录到的文件。该文件必须是web服务器用户可写的。

error_reporting = E_ALL
//错误显示级别
display_errors = On
//错误显示开关

<?php
echo $aa;

// Notice: Undefined variable: aa in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 3

<?php
echo aa;

// Warning: Use of undefined constant aa - assumed 'aa' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 2
string(1) "a"

<?php
$person->name = 'Rasmus Lerdorf';
//Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 2

z = 1;
// Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '=' in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 2

<?php
$size = mcrypt_get_block_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, MCRYPT_MODE_ECB);

// Deprecated: Function mcrypt_get_block_size() is deprecated in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 2

<?php
class Person {
    var $name;

    function __construct($name) {
        $this->name = $name;
    }

    function Person($name) {
        $this->name = $name;
    }
}

//PHP Strict Standards:  var: Deprecated. Please use the public/private/protected modifiers
                  PHP Strict Standards:  Redefining already defined constructor for class Person

<?php
$aa = null;
var_dump( $aa->toArray());  //这操作在ORM 对象操作经常遇到
// Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to a member function toArray() on null in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php:3 Stack trace: #0 {main} thrown in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 3

class Person {
    var $name;

    function __construct($name) {
        $this->name = $name;
    }

    function Person($name) {
        $this->name = $name;
    }
}

Person::Person();

// Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Non-static method Person::Person() cannot be called statically in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php:14 Stack trace: #0 {main} thrown in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 14

function test($test){
}
test();

//Fatal error: Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function test(), 0 passed in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 6 and exactly 1 expected in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php:2 Stack trace: #0 /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php(6): test() #1 {main} thrown in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 2

throw new \Exception('aaa');
//Fatal error: Uncaught Exception: aaa in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php:2 Stack trace: #0 {main} thrown in /Volumes/work/www/onehour/onehour_docker/www/sima2/test.php on line 2

//https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.set-error-handler
The following error types cannot be handled with a user defined function: E_ERROR, E_PARSE,
E_CORE_ERROR, E_CORE_WARNING, E_COMPILE_ERROR, E_COMPILE_WARNING independent of where they
were raised, and most of E_STRICT raised in the file where set_error_handler() is called.

// ./public/index.php
<?php
// [ 应用入口文件 ]
namespace think;

// 加载基础文件  15行
require __DIR__ . '/../thinkphp/base.php';

// ./public/index.php
<?php
// 注册错误和异常处理机制 19行
Error::register();

    // /../thinkphp/library/think/Error.php 32行
    /**
     * 注册异常处理
     * @access public
     * @return void
     */
    public static function register()
    {
        error_reporting(E_ALL);
        set_error_handler([__CLASS__, 'appError']);
        set_exception_handler([__CLASS__, 'appException']);
        register_shutdown_function([__CLASS__, 'appShutdown']);
    }
    
    /**
     * Error Handler
     * @access public
     * @param  integer $errno   错误编号
     * @param  integer $errstr  详细错误信息
     * @param  string  $errfile 出错的文件
     * @param  integer $errline 出错行号
     * @throws ErrorException
     */
    public static function appError($errno, $errstr, $errfile = '', $errline = 0)
    {
        $exception = new ErrorException($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline); //这里重写异常
        if (error_reporting() & $errno) {
            // 将错误信息托管至 think\exception\ErrorException
            throw $exception;  //这里抛出异常
        }

        self::getExceptionHandler()->report($exception); // 这里写日志
    }

<?php
namespace think\exception;

use think\Exception;

/**
 * ThinkPHP错误异常
 * 主要用于封装 set_error_handler 和 register_shutdown_function 得到的错误
 * 除开从 think\Exception 继承的功能
 * 其他和PHP系统\ErrorException功能基本一样
 */
class ErrorException extends Exception
{
    /**
     * 用于保存错误级别
     * @var integer
     */
    protected $severity;

    /**
     * 错误异常构造函数
     * @access public
     * @param  integer $severity 错误级别
     * @param  string  $message  错误详细信息
     * @param  string  $file     出错文件路径
     * @param  integer $line     出错行号
     */
    public function __construct($severity, $message, $file, $line)
    {
        $this->severity = $severity;
        $this->message  = $message;  //这里重写内核\Exception的变量message、file、line、code
        $this->file     = $file;
        $this->line     = $line;
        $this->code     = 0;
    }

    /**
     * 获取错误级别
     * @access public
     * @return integer 错误级别
     */
    final public function getSeverity()
    {
        return $this->severity;
    }
}

function myErrorHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline)
{
    if (!(error_reporting() & $errno)) {
        // This error code is not included in error_reporting, so let it fall
        // through to the standard PHP error handler
        return false;
    }

    // $errstr may need to be escaped:
    $errstr = htmlspecialchars($errstr);

    switch ($errno) {
        case E_DEPRECATED:
            //记录日志
            trace("<b>DEPRECATED</b> [$errno] $errstr");
            return true;
        case E_NOTICE:
            //记录日志
            trace("<b>NOTICE</b> : [$errno] $errstr");
            return true;
        case E_WARNING:
            //记录日志
            trace("<b>WARNING</b> : [$errno] $errstr");
            return true;
        default:
           //记录日志
            trace("Unknown error type: [$errno] $errstr");
            return true;
    }
    /* Don't execute PHP internal error handler */
    return true;
}
// set to the user defined error handler
set_error_handler("myErrorHandler");

➜  laravel git:(master) ✗ php artisan --version
Laravel Framework 8.83.3

//composer.json 35行
"scripts": {
    "post-autoload-dump": [
        "Illuminate\\Foundation\\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump",  
        "@php artisan package:discover --ansi"
    ],
    "post-update-cmd": [
        "@php artisan vendor:publish --tag=laravel-assets --ansi --force"
    ],
    "post-root-package-install": [
        "@php -r \"file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');\""
    ],
    "post-create-project-cmd": [
        "@php artisan key:generate --ansi"
    ]
},

//Illuminate\\Foundation\\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump 41行
public static function postAutoloadDump(Event $event)
{
    require_once $event->getComposer()->getConfig()->get('vendor-dir').'/autoload.php';

    static::clearCompiled();
}

// Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap 37行
public function bootstrap(Application $app)
{
    self::$reservedMemory = str_repeat('x', 10240);

    $this->app = $app;

    error_reporting(-1);

    set_error_handler([$this, 'handleError']);

    set_exception_handler([$this, 'handleException']);

    register_shutdown_function([$this, 'handleShutdown']);

    //这里关闭了
    if (! $app->environment('testing')) {
        ini_set('display_errors', 'Off');
    }
}

public function handleError($level, $message, $file = '', $line = 0, $context = [])
{
    if ($this->isDeprecation($level)) {
        return $this->handleDeprecation($message, $file, $line);
    }

    if (error_reporting() & $level) {
        //这里是错误封装
        throw new ErrorException($message, 0, $level, $file, $line);
    }
}